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Electric Wiring

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By Tim Carter
©1993-2010 Tim Carter

Summary: An electrical wiring project can be dangerous. Take a course on electric wiring if possible. Learning the basic electrical wiring methods could help you understand how to wire electrical switches and outlets around your home.

DEAR TIM: I've a chance to take a $250 course on electric wiring. This home electrical wiring course covers how to change outlets, switches, light fixtures, rewiring circuits, etc. I'm terrified of electric and use a stick to trip my circuit breakers. Do you think this course will help me deal with my fear of electricity so I can be comfortable doing my own repairs thus saving me precious money? I already have curly hair, so there's no need for the low-budget perm. Should I sign up for the course and why? Elaine J., Baldwinville, MA

DEAR ELAINE: Get out your pen and checkbook. Fill out the registration form for this electrical wiring residential course. When you discover how to wire electric fixtures, outlets and switches the safe way, you'll be beaming with confidence.

Electric panels, cables and wires can be scary. PHOTO CREDIT:  Tim Carter
Electric panels, cables and wires can be scary. PHOTO CREDIT: Tim Carter
Basic electrical wiring is something you can learn very quickly if you have the desire. It sounds to me that you have this yearning for knowledge. Your fear of electrical wiring is based in ignorance of how it works. Think of how a vast majority of professionals work with it every day without getting hurt. This is possible for the respect they give to electricity. You'll gain that respect, but you'll also be wiring things at your home within a month after starting the course.

I understand your fear of electric wire. Many years ago when I was a wee remodeling contractor, I thought I knew it all about electrical wire. I was adding an additional light fixture to an existing one. I had been taught that the white wire in a circuit was the neutral and thus not dangerous. Was that ever bad advice.

Using this bad advice, I simply turned off the switch to the light. I then proceeded to take apart the white wires in the electrical box. As soon as I touched them, I was knocked to the ground. Because I failed to turn off the actual circuit breaker, I wasn't stopping the alternating current that was still passing through the white wires that were energized from other things on the same circuit. Let me tell you that once that happened, I was a quick study just as you plan to do.

Wiring electrical switches should be a core part of the class as switches in the average home can get used frequently. They can wear out or need to be changed to spruce up the looks of a room. You'll discover that electric switch wiring is really simple.

I totally appreciate the fear that you have for home electrical wiring. The electricity is invisible. You know it's there, but you can't see it. The class you'll take should teach you how to use a voltage tester that will allow you to always know if a wire is indeed hot or dangerous. Once you understand how the current flows from the panel to the outlets, switches and fixtures in your home, you'll develop confidence in working on the simple tasks in your home.

But understand now that this simple course is not enough to turn you into a master electrician. It can take months or years of day-to-day interaction with electricity to gain a knowledge base that will allow you to do all the things in and around your home. Add to this the intricacies of the National Electric Code, which can be humbling, even for a professional electrician, and you see why there is much to be learned about electrical wiring.

If you are taught electric fan wiring, pay particular attention to that part that deals with ceiling paddle fans. These fixtures require a special electrical box that's designed to handle the weight and torque the fan exerts on the box up in the ceiling. Many a ceiling fan has dropped from a ceiling because a contractor or homeowner connected the fan to a box not designed to handle a fan.

As you study electrical plug wiring, be sure you discover how to wire a split receptacle. This is one where one of the two receptacles is always hot, while the other one operates from a switch somewhere on a wall. These outlets are very simple to connect, however they constantly perplex people.

Home electrical wiring is really not that hard once you discover the principals of electrical wiring. When you begin to understand wire sizes, loads, circuit breakers, etc. you'll see that you can easily handle the simple tasks in your home.

The biggest thing to overcome is the fear of knowing when the wires are safe to handle. A voltmeter is your ally in these situations. You can use this device to tell you if wires are carrying current, and if so, how much.

Remember, there is always a possibility that a circuit or outlet has been double fed. I had this happen to me years ago in a house. An outlet was mysteriously fed from two different circuits. Fortunately, I didn't get shocked too badly. The mistake I made was not using a voltmeter to check the circuit after I had turned off the circuit breaker.





Comments:

Bobby Finley
21 Jan 2009, 09:18
I have a wall outlet thats dead. Ive checked it out and found that the black wire has 120v and the white is dead, the ground is good, and I am confused. where should I turn. Please help. thankyou
Jeremy Leipzig
22 Jan 2009, 09:52
Your white wire story makes little sense to me. There is no electric potential on the downstream side of appliances, just current. I would be surprised to see much voltage between neutral and ground anywhere in a household circuit.
I suspect the junction box you were opening had a hot wire in it not controlled by the switch.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080702085622AAm4gJt

However, your point stands - you should always turn off power at the breaker before working on any circuit.
EL
31 Jan 2009, 16:20
OK, So where can I find an electrical wiring course for $250 in the Washington DC metro (Virginia side) area? Also where can I go to find out the basic requirements to become a certified electrician? I have already checked some of the Universities and colleges. Thanks
jolly
19 Apr 2009, 20:54
the switch in my laundry room is for both the vent and the light. the vent switch works but the light switch is dead. what should i do?
ahmed said
24 Apr 2009, 06:41
i ask about pvc/pvc cable which including excavation,backfilling
cheryl
21 Sep 2009, 11:59
I have a single light switch in my bathroom that controls a ceiling light as well as the light over the sinks. I would like to make it two switches so that they are controlled sperately. I wolud like to recess the one in the ceiling so that it can be replaced with a heat lamp bulb. Can this be easily done and if so how?
Mark
25 Sep 2009, 21:14
Yeah, I guess a course for a couple of months is a good idea, if the person has some idea what they are getting into.

But supposing the persons house is wired Knob and Tube. This is not covered in modern wiring classes. Knob and Tube are still viable and listed in the NEC. There are special way to tie these circuits into modern circuits.

Knowing which wire is hot is important but misleading. You can get as good a shock from a broken neutral as you can from the hot.

It is important to understand, the difference between Ground, Grounding conductor and the Grounded conductor.

It is good to have a very healthy fear of Electricity, it is unforgiving and it doesn't care who you are.

The trouble with electricity it almost always works. The problem arises when you have a bolted short, does the breaker trip in the alotted time required with minimum damage.The grounding conductor is the one wire you will spend the most time on, in hope that it will never have to be used, but when it does you hope it does work the way it is supposed to.
Richard
14 Oct 2009, 22:58
A note to clarify why you got shocked by the neutral. If you break the path back to the circuit panel on the neutral but something was energized then the hot leg is going to travel through that item down the neutral through you then to either ground or out the other neutrals you are also holding. If the neutral remains unbroken well I still would rather have the breaker off as there will be potential on it if anything is turned on. Also never ever bond the ground and neutral together at the component level you will energize any metal chassis appliance. My neighbor found that out after buying a knob and tube wired house that had modern outlets and fired the ground wire on the satellite tv box. Plus he got a shock to boot. On bobby's problem about the outlet. The terminals could have lost there tension and not making a good enough connection on anything he plugs in. If the plug pulls out really easily then try replacing the outlet following all safety precautions of course.
Loving the site by the way.

Rich
Al
11 Nov 2009, 12:26
I want to terminate the bare ends of some knob-and-tube wiring that no longer feeds anything. Some of it is live (but is a dead end branch), other is not live (and disconnected from what used to feed it). Do these useless ends really need to be in accessible junction boxes, or can I just trim them off close to the ceramic knob, and add a wire nut on each wire?
mat
21 Nov 2009, 18:28
my elec box is on a inside wall in laundry room, and is it ok to install a toilet to the side wall of it. the bottom of box would be at head height and aprox. 8" off side of toilet

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